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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event click this link that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.